Python 入门

OrangBus大约 2 分钟

官网：https://www.python.org

python管理器-pyvenv

https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv

curl https://pyenv.run | bash

配置环境变量: vim ~/.zshrc

export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

安装python

pyenv install 3.12

创建

python -m venv .venv python=3.14

激活

window: project_name\Scripts\activate
linux: source ./project_name/Scripts/activate

删除

anaconda

anaconda:https://www.anaconda.com/download

uv

https://hellowac.github.io/uv-zh-cn/getting-started/installation/

pip install uv

安装python版本

uv python install 3.14

切换版本

uv python list --only-installed

uv python pin 3.14

初始化项目

uv init env_name --python=3.14

安装软件

uv add|remove flask

运行项目

uv run main.py

激活环境

uv venv

退出

deactivate

已有项目安装依赖，类似 npm i

uv sync

linux

sudo yum install conda

window

需要配置一下环境变量

D:\ProgramData\anaconda3 # python 目录
D:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Scripts # conda目录

列出虚拟环境

conda list

创建虚拟环境

conda create --name py12 python=3.12

激活虚拟环境

conda activate py12

退出

conda deactivate

删除虚拟环境

conda remove --name py12 --all

导出虚拟环境

conda env export > environment.yml

加载虚拟环境

conda env create -f environment.yml

常用库推荐

fastapi

uv add "fastapi[standard]"

beautifulsoup4

uv add beautifulsoup4

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

html = requests.get("https://sxx.com/400059.jhtml")
doc = BeautifulSoup(html)
title = doc.title.string
content = doc.find('div', class_='article').text

carbon

uv add carbon

steam 响应

@app.route('/chat/event')
def route_chat_event():
	msg = request.args.get("msg")
	resp = chat(model="deepseek-r1:7b", messages=[{"role": "user", "content": msg}], stream=True)

	def generate():
		for chunk in resp:
			yield f"data: {chunk.message.content}\n\n"

	return Response(generate(), mimetype='text/event-stream')

Docker打包

FROM python:3.14.2-slim

WORKDIR /app

# 复制依赖清单
COPY requirements.txt ./

# pip 安装依赖（--no-cache-dir 减少镜像体积）
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 复制项目代码
COPY . .

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 80

# 启动命令
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]

uv项目打包

FROM python:3.14-slim
# 安装 uv
COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /uvx /bin/

# 将工作目录切换到 `app` 目录
WORKDIR /app

# 将项目复制到中间镜像中
COPY . /app

# 安装项目依赖
RUN uv sync --frozen --no-cache

EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

docker-compose

services:
  app:
    image: "xx.com/orangbus/project:latest"
    container_name: video-live
    restart: always
    network_mode: bridge
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"